Montana had no interest in affording transnational Crees any place in the region (p. 47) …for further sources and discussion of these years (p. 231) The first half of the 1880s witnessed a dramatic shift in public opinion towards transnational Crees. As local development shifted away from (fur trade) labor …
A policy of tracking, numbering, and deporting “foreign Indians” quickly emerged (p. 43) …for sources on the evolving prejudice and US military reactions to Cree activities in Montana (p. 231) The late-1870s and early 1880s marked a shift in US military policy towards Crees, making Montana much less welcoming. Hence, …
With conflict focusing attention on the far eastern and western ends of the U.S.-Canadian border, the interior plains boundaries were overlooked for a time, but federal concern soon grew over border security coast to coast, and border-violating Natives became seen as a problem (p. 42) …for examples of evolving American …
Big Bear’s negative reputation—from Cree border-crossings in the early 1880s to his involvement in the bloody North-West Rebellion—would dominate the minds of Montanans when Big Bear’s son, Little Bear (Imasees), crossed into Montana and made a decades-long attempt to establish permanent residence. (p. 72) Chapter 4, Note 4 . . …
In the end, Big Bear was charged with treason and sentenced to two years in Stony Mountain Prison. Upon release he went to the Little Pine Reservation and died soon after of illness. In the words of one of Little Bear’s sons, Four Souls, “The shame killed him.” (p. 76) …
In the massacre’s aftermath, Canadian military efforts to apprehend the perpetrators likewise suggest a broad acceptance of Wandering Spirit as the most culpable person. (p. 77) Chapter 4, Note 31 . . . for sources and discussion of Canadian military correspondence concerning Wandering Spirit. (p. 240) A series of …
For the remainder of 1901 and extending into 1904, various groups voiced desires to eject Crees from the state. (p. 170) Chapter 8, Note 26 . . . for sources and discussion of positive and negative press coverage in Montana. In early 1902, the League of American Sportsmen, frustrated …
By 1904, [Sol] Levy had become a confidant of both Chippewas and Crees in the Butte vicinity (sometimes called “Chief Solevy”), and he helped them shape a positive public image through various events. In Anaconda, Rocky Boy secured a similar friendship with a Métis man, W. A. Cameron, who would …
When word spread in Montana of Little Bear’s intentions to leave the country by the end of October, various newspapers expressed elation. (p. 173) Chapter 8, Note 41 . . . The Havre Plaindealer included the text of what they claimed to be the letter Little Bear sent out to …
Reports from Havre, where Little Bear’s Crees held their dances, were largely positive, while those from Butte were derisive. (p. 169) Chapter 8, Note 23 . . . for sources and discussion of positive and negative press coverage in Montana. (p. 260) The generally positive tone of reports concerning …
Newly acquainted with their plight, Baker wrote to Linderman, imploring, “Use your influence and that of your friends,” urging that a law be passed to settle the landless Chippewas and Crees. (190) Chapter 9, Note 48 . . . for sources and discussion of Chippewa and Cree conditions during late …
Some Crees, like Grant Chief Stick, were provided rations and tents at Fort Assiniboine, but food was scarce and temporary accommodations were “very cold.” They even faced threats of eviction on various occasions. (191) for sources and discussion of the political maneuvering of various officials and conditions of Crees and …
Concurrently federal officials struggled to prevent Chippewas and Crees from returning to Fort Assiniboine in anticipation of the approaching winter. (p. 192) for further sources and discussion of Chippewa and Cree conditions in late 1913. (p. 268) Fred Morgan felt that Rocky Boy’s band, then spread out across the …
Bole and Linderman requested permission for them to camp at the southern end of Fort Assiniboine, but this was denied by new secretary of the interior Franklin K. Lane. (p. 192) for further sources and discussion of numerous parties writing in support of Chippewa and Cree settlement during these months. …
Conditions were grim during the months at Browning. (p. 188) Chapter 9, Note 38 . . . for sources and discussion of Rocky Boy’s band during early 1912. (p. 267) A return to transient life in the harsh winter months must have come as a heavy blow to Rocky …
With their urging and financial support, Little Bear and Rocky Boy’s bands were permitted to remain in Great Falls and Havre respectively, and rations were shipped to them at the encampments until spring. (p. 193) for sources and discussion of Chippewa and Cree reluctance to return to the Blackfeet Reservation …
News also circulated that Rocky Boy would preside over the joint group, with Little Bear to succeed him upon his death. While the tribe would eventually take Rocky Boy’s name, not Little Bear’s, it is unclear if this leadership arrangement ever materialized. (p. 194) Chapter 9, Note 64 . . …
The transfer of stewardship over them from the Blackfeet Agency to the Fort Belknap Agency compounded these problems. Moreover, they were vexed by continued denial of their requests to cut timber to build shelter. (p. 195) Chapter 9, Note 67 . . . for extensive sources on the struggles faced …
Their desired settlement was so close, but it appeared to be slipping away before their eyes. (p. 195) Chapter 9, Note 69 . . . for sources and discussion of the debates over which lands were to be reserved for white and which for Native settlement. (p. 269) Little …
The amended bill was signed by the House on September 6 and by the Senate on September 7. President Wilson signed S 3646— providing for the opening of the Fort Assiniboine Reservation—into law on September 8, 1916. (p. 196) Chapter 9, Note 76 . . . for sources and discussion …
