By 1908, one reporter took note of this “Yaquitown,” Pueblo de Guadalupe, and told the story of humble Yaquis giving what little they had to build a church. (p. 132) Chapter 6, Note 38 . . . for sources and discussion of early negative reactions by Arizonans to Guadalupe. (p. …
The arrival of Yaqui laborers was fortuitous for all involved, as demand and prices for cotton skyrocketed with World War I. (p. 140) Chapter 6, Note 77 . . . for information on cotton pricing and demand. (p. 244) By 1919, 82,000 acres of Arizona land had been put …
Mexican Yaqui presence in what would later become Arizona stretches back as far as 1732 (p. 34) …for sources and discussion of debates regarding potential earlier Yaqui sojourns in Arizona with Jesuit father Eusubio Kino (p. 229) During twentieth-century debates over the Yaqui tribal recognition, some claims were made that …
By that time, they served the predominately Pima and Papago (O’Odham) mission as the craftsmen supervisors, helping other Native groups learn “civilized” trades (p. 34) …for sources and discussion of concurrent tensions between Yaquis and Spanish in the region (p. 229) Not all Yaqui-mission relations were so cordial during this …
Records of the “Yaquis of Guevavi” during the following years indicate a steady population of dozens of families (p. 35) …for discussion of Tumacácori Yaquis and their continued influence in southern Arizona (p. 229) Records of the “Yaquis de Guevavi” during the following years indicated a steady population of …
Various accounts even attest to a noticeable Yaqui presence during the mid-century California gold rush – including future Yaqui leader José María Leyva Cajeme (p. 39) …for sources and discussion of Yaqui activities in the California Gold Rush (p. 229) With their well-known expertise in mining, it is no wonder …
For many Arizonans, the regular reports of Yaqui trouble south of the line (and even violence or criminal activities crossing north of the line) left lasting imprints on perceptions and prejudices they bore in future encounters with Yaqui immigrants and refugees (p. 48) …for additional sources (p. 232n38) The sources …
Turner’s use of the word “extermination” would have considerable contemporary and lasting influence. (p. 59) …for additional sources and discussion of the framing of Yaqui in history in terms of genocide, extermination, et cetera. (p. 235) Comparative genocide studies are complex, and application of the word “genocide” is not …
Yaquis would later recall the era with horror. Mexico’s “Campaña sin Igual [Unparalleled Campaign]” against Cajeme’s forces paled in comparison to what those remained in Yaquimi suffered: “deportations, murders of women and children . . . the horrific butchery of adults and children, the persecution . . . torture, theft …
Working against them, however, were the never-ending warfare and threats to Americans’ economic interests in Sonora. (p. 67) …for sample reports of Yaqui-Mexico warfare that circulated throughout the United States and Arizona. (p. 237) This looming chaos – regular publicizing of never-ending warfare, intermittent declarations of peace quickly broken …
Yaquis routinely procured arms in the United States, moved them largely through Nogales along Yaqui migratory routes, and siphoned them across the border. (p. 145) Chapter 7, Note 14 . . . for sources and discussion of how Arizonans had long viewed all Yaquis as arms traffickers. (p. 255) …
A subsequent “pacification” campaign involved twenty thousand Mexican troops, airplane bombings of Yaqui strongholds, deportation of Yaqui insurgents (to Mexico City, Mérida, Veracruz, and Tlaxcala), and an oppressive Mexican army occupation of Yaqui territory. (pp. 145-146) Chapter 7, Note 18 . . . for sources and discussion of US reports …
The earliest reports of these stem from the Guadalupe village south of Tempe, but the practices of Tucson-based Yaquis dominated later press. (p. 160) Chapter 7, Note 75 . . . for sources and discussion of subsequent reports of Yaqui celebrations in Guadalupe as well as earlier Salt RiverValley–based Yaqui …
In Tucson, the chamber of commerce appointed a special committee, led by Muriel Thayer Painter, to aid Yaquis in publicizing and holding the festivities. Previous economic ventures had temporarily flourished in Phoenix that were based on the annual dance held at Guadalupe. (p. 161) Chapter 7, Note 78 . . …
In many cases, their dances were the only thing about Yaquis known to the general Arizona and US public. (p. 161) Chapter 7, Note 79 . . . for sources and discussion of the 1930s national coverage and continued regional coverage of Yaqui festivals. (259) The shear breadth and …
However, Yaqui dances were usually exoticized by the mass media, and the dances’ “foreign” origins were referenced. Indeed, most newspaper reports concerning anything Yaqui-related made note of Yaquis’ origins outside the United States. (p. 161) Chapter 7, Note 80 . . . Occasional pieces in the Arizona press described museum …
The resulting Committee for Pascua Community Housing (CPCH) in July 1962, chaired by Painter and co-chaired by Spicer, was the primary advocate for a Yaqui relocation and housing plan. (p. 202) Muriel Painter had been a dedicated ally of the Tucson Yaquis for decades. Deeply involved in chronicling their …
Udall told Valencia that there was a “good chance” a bill could be passed in Congress to provide the land for Yaqui resettlement, and the CPHC sprang into action to capitalize on his apparent optimism. (p. 203) Chapter 10, Note 18 . . . for sources and discussion of the …
With some qualifying conditions amended, Udall and Arizona senator Carl Hayden made public statements to smooth the process, endured a backlog of bills from a Civil Rights Act filibuster, and eventually succeeded in moved the bill along until its passage on October 8, 1964. (205) Chapter 10, Note 28 . …
First, landowners, real estate developers, and others cited perceived threats to their land values or business interests, anti-Yaqui prejudices based on sociocultural stereotypes or their foreign origins, and claims that they were not “real” Indians. Hiding behind a pseudonym, one objector exclaimed, “To place the Yaqui Indians out there would …
